Stamped shelving brackets might replace gussets to square the stop, and they take less functional space. You may be able to shim the rollers or cut adjusting slots so they don't pull the jig out of square when tightened down - if fact, they could hold it square.
You can get another piece of plywood (or whatever sheet stock,) cut slots in it so it goes over the rollers, and then screw it to your existing stop to increase coverage for larger diameters of tube. You may not even have to cut slots - just screw it in place above the rollers where the tube will contact.
To square the table, you can use cable as you said or add a piece of angle on a diagonal to hold it square. Angle doesn't stretch much in this case.
To support larger tubes, could you make the bottom MDF board longer (it doesn't slide on the saw table, right?) and support the overhanging parts with legs or roller stands.
Just ideas. Maybe they will inspire you!
